Discovering fashion’s impact on Earth Overshoot Day 2025

On July 24, 2025, humanity will have used all the natural resources the earth can regenerate in a single year. This is Earth Overshoot Day: a confronting moment that forces us to reflect on how we treat the planet. We delve into the meaning behind Earth Overshoot Day, how it’s calculated, the impact of fashion on this day and what we can do to reduce the burden on the planet.

What is Earth Overshoot Day?

Earth Overshoot Day marks the date when humanity’s demand for ecological resources and services exceeds what the Earth can regenerate in that year. It serves as a wake-up call, reminding us of the urgent need to address our unsustainable consumption patterns. From this day on, we are living ​‘on credit’, depleting natural reserves and accumulating CO₂ in the atmosphere that the Earth can no longer (sustainably) process that year. This day is earlier every year: in 1970 it was in December, but in 2025 it will be the end of July. But this cannot continue forever. The question is: will we solve this as humanity, or will the Earth solve it through a disaster?

The consequences of Earth Overshoot Day are profound. When we exceed the Earth’s biocapacity, we deplete natural resources faster than they can regenerate. This leads to deforestation, biodiversity loss, soil degradation and increased carbon emissions. It puts pressure on ecosystems and contributes to climate change, threatening the delicate balance of our planet.

How is Earth Overshoot Day calculated?

Every year, the date for Earth Overshoot Day is announced on June 5^th, on International Environment Day. By calculating the exact date only a few months in advance, only the most up-to-date data are used.

The calculation of Earth Overshoot Day is conducted by the Global Footprint Network. This international research organization uses Earth Overshoot Day to provide decision-makers with tools to help the human economy operate within the earth’s ecological limits. The calculations are based on the National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts, which are managed by FoDaFo and maintained by York University. To estimate this day of the year as accurately as possible, the most recent data is used.

To determine the date of Earth Overshoot Day, they compare the earth’s biocapacity (the amount of natural resources the earth can provide and renew in one year) with humanity’s ecological footprint (everything we consume and pollute). The formula is:

Earth Overshoot Day = (Global Biocapacity / Global Ecological Footprint) × 365 days

The result: the date on which we have demanded too much of the Earth. Every year that day comes earlier means we are using our planet more heavily. And that’s a very disturbing result.

What is the fashion industry’s impact on Earth Overshoot Day?

Not only do carbon emissions, land use and energy consumption have a major impact on Earth Overshoot Day, but the fashion industry also has a large contribution. It’s an industry that consumes a significant number of resources, including vast amounts of water, energy, land and natural resources. Whether it’s textile production or clothing manufacturing, every stage in the fashion supply chain has environmental consequences. Moreover, the fast fashion industry has grown enormously in recent years, resulting in rapid production, excessive consumption and all the resulting environmental impacts.

What factors contribute to the ecological footprint of fashion?

The fashion industry has a luxurious appearance, but behind it lies a (hidden) raw and destructive reality. Behind many sweaters and jeans is a chain of depletion, pollution and waste. The impact is anything but superficial and these factors mainly contribute to the ecological footprint of fashion on Earth Overshoot Day:

• Raw materials with a price tag for the planet. The production of materials like cotton and polyester consumes billions of liters of water, burns enormous amounts of energy and releases harmful chemicals into the world. Nature is sacrificed for the fibers needed for clothing, which results in deforestation, destroyed ecosystems and depleted agricultural land.
• ‘Dirty’ production behind closed doors. Textile production is a polluting, energy-intensive industry. Especially in countries with weak or non-existent environmental regulations, toxic substances flow into rivers and smog suffocates local communities.
• Global logistics powered by fossil fuels. Clothing travels around the globe: from cotton fields in India to factories in Bangladesh, and via warehouses in Europe to stores worldwide. Every step along this journey emits greenhouse gases and accelerates the climate crisis.
• Overconsumption as a profit model. Fast fashion fuels an endless cycle of buying, wearing and discarding. Millions of garments are barely worn and quickly discarded. The system is built on waste and the planet pays the price.

How can we reduce the impact of fashion on Earth Overshoot Day?

To reduce the impact of fashion on Earth Overshoot Day, several more sustainable practices can be implemented:

• Circular economy: With a circular economy model, raw materials are used for as long as possible. This can be achieved through recycling, upcycling, and reuse.
• More sustainable materials: Using more sustainable materials such as organic cotton, hemp and recycled fibers reduces the ecological footprint.
• Efficient production: By implementing energy-efficient and waste-reducing production processes, the industry’s impact on Earth Overshoot Day is minimized.
• Slow fashion: Encouraging a shift towards slow fashion, emphasizing quality, sustainability and timeless design. This reduces the need for frequent consumption.
• Consumer education: Making consumers aware of the impact of their fashion choices and promoting more conscious consumption.

What can you as an individual do to reduce this impact?

As an individual, you can also take steps to reduce your fashion consumption to lower your impact on Earth Overshoot Day. Curious how you can do this? Here are some easy-to-implement tips:

• Shop more consciously: Choose more sustainable and more ethical produced clothing and accessories, focusing on quality over quantity. Find more sustainable stores near you in the COSH! store overview. You’ll also find a comprehensive overview of more sustainable clothing brands and more ethical jewelry on COSH!.
• Buy secondhand: Choose second-hand clothing and accessories. This way, you’ll not only find unique items, but you’ll also contribute to the circular economy and reduce the demand for new raw materials. At COSH!, you can find more than 150 secondhand stores in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany.
• Repair and reuse: By repairing and reusing clothing instead of throwing it away, you significantly extend its lifespan. Here you can find tips on repairing clothing.
• Donate and recycle: Do you have clothes in your closet that you no longer wear? Donate unwanted clothing to a charity, thrift store or second-hand shop. Or recycle clothing to reduce waste.